4^th International Conference on Epidemiology and Public Health October 03-05, 2016 London, UK

Biography:

In 2001 Cristina Stasi graduated in Medicine and Surgery at the Catholic University of “Sacro Cuore”, Rome. In 2006 she specialized in Gastroenterology at the University of Pisa. From 2006 to 2009 she took part in clinical research projects at the University Hospital “Careggi”, Florence. At the same time she improved her knowledge in Study Design, Management of Clinical Research Project, Statistics, Epidemiology. In 2013 she received her PhD in Experimental and Clinical Medicine from the University of Florence. She published more than 40 papers in reputed international journals and she has been serving as an editorial board member of some international journals.

Abstract:

Introduction. Ansaldi et al. (2005) showed an anti-Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody prevalence of 2.7% in the Italian population. Aim of this study was to evaluate this prevalence in Tuscan population that was know and unknown to the Tuscan Regional Health Service in 2014. Methods. To evaluate people infected with HCV known to the Regional Health Service we used the Tuscany Health administrative data. We identified people with a Hepatitis C exention code (070.54), resident in Tuscany. Through the universal code attribuited to each resident, these patients were matched with hospital admission codes, identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) Clinical Modification (such as “acute hepatitis” ICD9-CM: 070.41 and 070.51; “chronic hepatitis” 070.44 and 070.54; “hepatocellular carcinoma” 155.0; “cirrhosis” 571.5), with codes for dispensing drugs to patients by local and hospital pharmacies (Ribavirin J05AB04). Individuals were considered only once. To evaluate HCV population unknown to Regional Health Service we used the Capture-Recapture analysis.

Results. Living people as at 12.31.2014 with HCV exention codes were 14.810. Patients treated with Pegilated interferon+Ribavirin in the last 10 years were 6635. The total hospital admission in the last 15 years was 18,773. After data linkage the total number was 29.437.

After applying the Capture-Recapture analysis the number of unkown HCV infected people was 29.963. Therefore the total number of chronic HCV infected people was 56,940.

Conclusion. Tuscan administrative data were in line with the serological prevalence of some research studies and they outlined the high prevalence of chronic HCV infection.

Biography:

Syamantak Mani Tripathi is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Chhattisharh Kamdhenu Vishwavidalya, Durg-491001 (Chhattisgarh) India. He has over six years experience with hand-on applications including teams of researchers and technicians in the Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biotechnology division. His training and experience also includes applied animal investigation skills as a research scholar in the field of pesticide induced immunotoxicology and safety pharmacology studies. He has worked in multiple successful research projects funded by Indian Council of Agricultural Research and Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, supporting clinical development and leading to strong regulatory submissions for pesticides uses in agriculture. His research program is focused on the study of immune response to pesticide and xenobiotics in avian model. He received his Bachelor’s in Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry from Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur (MP), India; Master’s of Veterinary Pharmacology from Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat), India and his Ph.D. in Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology from the Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University at Jabalpur (MP), India. His academic work was focused on “Immuno-genotoxicity of organophosphorous insecticide ‘acephate’ in white leghorn birds”. His work contributes towards understanding the molecular mechanism of acephate toxicity in avian model; studying interleukin gene(s) associated with immunity and development of test series to study immunotoxicity. Memberships he has include the Indian Society of Toxicology, Indian Society of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology.

Abstract:

Acephate and its metabolite methamidophos are common organophosphorus insecticide used for crop protection. High uses of acephate and methamidophos have induced health issues and environmental pollution. Their undesired presence in the environment is creating Ecotoxicology and may harm human health. It is therefore essential to detect the presence of acephate even in trace level its effect on environmental and public health. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of long-term, low-dose acephate administration on white Leghorn birds. A total of 150 white Leghorn birds was randomly assigned to different groups: control; vehicle control; low-dose acephate (21.3 mg kg−1bw−1); middle-dose acephate (28.4 mg kg−1 bw−1); and high-dose acephate (42.6 mg kg−1 bw−1). The birds continuously received acephate via drinking water for 24 weeks. Bird blood plasma samples were collected at different time points to measure haemato-biochemical and immunological profiles. Liver, bursa of Fabricius and spleen tissues were subjected to histopathological examination. There was a significant decrease in the live body weight and total leukocyte count, anti-Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) antibody titer, serum total protein (TP), serum globulin, serum albumin and organ:body weight ratios of immune organs. The delayed type hypersensitivity response to 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene (DNCB) was significantly reduced. Histopathologically, bursa and spleen showed mild depletion of lymphocytes. Furthermore, DNA fragmentation assay was performed and detected a ladder pattern (180 bp) in DNA. These results provided a basis for concern over farm workers being overexposed during application. Workers exposed to acephate (n=150) were drawn from a population of vegetable and fruit farmers of about 50 districts of Madhya Pradesh, India. They were interviewed on symptoms and personal protection, and their erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was determined during both spraying and nonspraying periods. AChE activities during spraying and nonspraying period were comparable. The prevalence of cough, headache, abdominal pain, excessive sweating, nausea, excessive salivation, diarrhea, and vomiting differed non-significantly between spraying and nonspraying periods. There was no suggestion of decreased AChE in exposed subjects who complained of acephate related symptoms compared to symptomless exposed subjects. Use of gloves, long boots, head cover and face cover was significantly associated with AChE activity. No marked AChE depression was found during spraying season, which may explain the lack of association between symptoms and AChE. The fact that only moderately toxic acephate was used may indicate that toxicity was not sufficiently high to cause depression. Experience, however, suggests that occupational poisoning remains a potential serious danger in vegetable and fruit cultivation in India. It was concluded that subchronic acephate exposure at medium and high concentrations may affect immune responses in avian species and human health.

Biography:

Anya P G F Vieira-Meyer has completed her PhD in 2005 from the University of Toronto, She is currently a visiting scholar at the University of California in Berkeley (until May 2016). She is a senior researcher at Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) – Brazil, as well as the Coordenator of the Family Health Master Program. She has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an scientific editor for the Revista Brasileira em Promoção da Saúde journal.

Abstract:

The Brazilian National Programme for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) was established by the Ministry of Health (MOH) in 2011. Its main objective is to encourage the expansion of access and improvement of primary care quality and create patterns comparable in national, regional and local levels - in order to allow greater transparency and effectiveness of government actions. As part of the program, an external evaluation is performed by the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), focusing on primary health care teams, oral health teams, and family health support teams. Two cycles have already taken place (2012 and 2014). In order to give continuity to these evaluative actions in Brazilian health primary care, the MOH is inducing the 3rd program cycle, which includes a multicenter external evaluation in 2016. With respect to methodology, this is an investigation (survey), with application of a single national survey and will take as a parameter what was applied in the previous PMAQ-AB cycles. The questionnaire will be organized into 03 major modules: infrastructure conditions; teams work process and care organization; users satisfaction and perception of services. We intend to present the methodology, as well as describe the advantages, disdvantages and chanleges of such endevour from the perspective of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) -paired up with Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz Ceara and other RENASF partners-, which is one of the HEIs working with the MOH, for the external evaluation of PMAQ-AB. A total of 3,856 teams will be evaluated by UFRN.

Biography:

Caron is associate professor of psychiatry at McGill University and researcher at the Research center of the Douglas Mental Health university Institute. He currently leads the team of Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) in Social and Psychiatric Epidemiology. He is also associate researcher at the Institute of Public Health of the University of Montreal and at the Instituto de Saude Colletiva of the Federal University of Bahia in Brazil.

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to identify predictors of well-being, a positive indicator of mental health. We used data from the Montreal Epidemiological Catchment Area Study, a longitudinal study that focuses on the mental health and well-being of residents in the southwest region of Montreal. The study recruited a randomly selected sample of 2,433 individuals aged 15-65 at baseline. Of them, 1,303 were re-interviewed four years later. Well-being was measured with Personal Well-being Index (Cummins, 2003). Direct interviews gathered self-reported data on: socio-demographics, life events, stress and coping abilities, social support, perceptions of neighbourhoods, working status and income, mental disorders, psychiatric family history and mental health services utilization. Social and built features of environment were determined using Geographic Information System. We employed hierarchical linear regression to identify significant independent predictors of well-being improvement overtime, among the aforementioned baseline variables. We first used forward selection procedure to identify significant variable blocks – groups of variables that had significant overall effects on well-being. We then used backward deletion procedure to eliminate non-significant individual variables. The final model explained 41% of the variance of well-being. Variables from eight blocks were found to be significant predictors of well-being, including socio-demographics, income, stress and coping, social support, mental health status, satisfaction with precise life domains, satisfaction with the physical state, density of the vegetation in the neighbourhood, and average property values in the neighbourhood. Better understanding predictors of well-being will enable the development of more effective mental health promotion programs.

Biography:

Miss Luo completed master’s degree in 2004 from Department of Public Health of National Defense Medical Center. I worked at National Health Research Institutes for 10 years. My main duty was development of EV71 vaccine in Taiwan: epidemiology and disease burden.

Abstract:

Human enteroviruses are classified into four species (A, B, C, and D) and include over 100 serotypes. Except polioviruses and enterovirus A71 (EV71) which frequently cause neurological complications, human enteroviruses usually cause self-limited infections. EV71 was first identified and a large-scale EV71 epidemic was documented in southern Vietnam in 2003 which reported 173 EV71 cases, including 51 with neurological complications and 3 fatal cases. In 2011, a large-scale EV71 epidemic occurred with more than 5,000 inpatients and 32 fatal cases in CH1, HCM. NHRI cooperated with CH1 to establish hospital-based surveillance of enterovirus in HCM City in 2011. Inpatients <0.5 years of age to 17.2, 24.0, 29.4, 58.6 at 0.5-0.9, 1-1.9, 2-2.9, 3-3.9 and 4-4.9 years of age, respectively. Risk of EV71 infections in Vietnam increased after 6 months of age. Vietnamese children in HCM City acquired EV71 infections at an early age and vaccine development in Vietnam should target young children.

Biography:

Ahmad M. Khalil received Ph.D. from the Ohio State University in 1987.  Currently is a Professor at Yarmouk University, Irbid, JORDAN. Earned the professorship in 2000. Director of the Department of Biological Sciences at Yarmouk 2001-2003. Founded the Biotechnology M. Sc. Program at Yarmouk in 2003. In Arabic, authored a book in Radiation Biology, a unit in Molecular Biology, a chapter in Genetics and 35 articles of general interest. Published 40 research papers most of them in International Journals. Developed expertise in investigating the biology of prostate cancer in collaboration with King Abduallah Hospital at Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST).

Abstract:

Truck drivers work under conditions that predispose them to a high prevalence of risk factors for the development of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD). However, these factors have not been fully evaluated and are not usually considered to be within the scope of health or labor services. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 283 long-distance truck drivers and 100 work site controls at the Jordan Petroleum Refinery Company (JPRC) located about 15 miles east of the capital; Amman. All the participants were males with experience at JPRC ranged from 5 to 35 years. The clinical evaluation consisted of an assessment of social habits and demographic data and an evaluation of risk factors for MSD. To test the work-relatedness of the MSD with the risk factors between the two groups, univariate and multivariate analyses were used. 42% of the occupational drivers reported back pain and only 7.2% reported legs pain. These prevalence rates were significantly higher than those found among clerical workers (37.7% and 3.8%, respectively). Elevated incidences of pain in the lumbar vertebrae, shoulder, and knee pain were recorded. Musculoskeletal pain significantly increased by age, weight, sitting posture and overwork. Moreover, surveyed truckers were found to have significant issues affecting their health, such as hemorrhoidectomy (9.84%), thyroidectomy (7.56%), disc surgery (4.37%), and varicosity (3.28%). These findings have potential to help researchers develop interventions to improve the emotional and occupational health of truck drivers, a highly underserved population. In order to cope with the health problems of truck drivers, it is recommended that working conditions among truck drivers be improved.

Biography:

Ruoling Chen joined in the University of Wolverhampton, UK as a Reader in Epidemiology and Public Health and Epidemiology in 2009. He was awarded his PhD from the University of Aberdeen in 1997, after studying medicine and medical statistics in China. His research areas and expertise include epidemiology and global public health. Dr Chen has published widely in these fields. He previously worked at the Universities of Liverpool, Dundee and London (UCL and KCL) as a lecturer, senior lecturer and principle investigator, over the past 20 years. He has been an adjunct Professor at Anhui Medical University since 2003.

Abstract:

Background  China has an increasing incidence rate of stroke due to its population aging, with the largest number of stroke patients in the world. However, incidence and predictors of stroke in older people has not been well studied. We determined incidence and predictors of stroke in older Chinese.

Methods In 2001-03 we interviewed a random sample of 3336 participants aged ≥ 60 years in Anhui, China, having characterized risk factors for stroke. Of them 2852 (89.2%) without stroke were followed-up until 2011,  identifying stroke cases from 3 waves surveys interview and from causes of death. 

Results During the 10-year follow-up, 211 incident stroke cases (12.8/1,000 person-years) were documented. After adjusted for age, sex and rural resident location, hazards ratio of stroke increased with older age (1.97, 95%CI 1.27-3.06  in  participants ≥ 80 years compared to 65-69 years), rural living (1.57, 1.14-2.18), low education  (in illiterate 1.95, 1.17-3.21 vs >=High secondary school), low  occupational class (manual labourer 1.59, 1.01-2.49 vs official/teacher), hypertension (undetected hypertension 1.65, 1.16-2.34, untreated 2.24, 1.29-3.91, treated but uncontrolled 3.30,  2.28-4.78, controlled hypertension 1.33, 0.60-2.95  vs normotensives), diabetes (1.83,1.08-3.09), heart disease (1.50, 1.04-2.16),  and reduced activities of daily living (ADL). However it was not significantly associated with male gender, obesity/overweight, alcohol drinking, smoking status, marital status and depression at baseline. Including all these factors in multivariate analysis, prediction of these factors for incident stroke was not substantially changed, except for diabetes and heart disease showing not significant.

Conclusions The incidence of stroke in older people in China was higher than their counterparts in the West. It is associated with older people’s  low socioeconomic status, poor management of hypertension and low ADL.  These need to be taken into account when implementing intervention programs.

Biography:

Eremeeva received her MD in biochemistry from the Russian National Research MedicalUniversity, her PhD in microbiology from the Gamaleya Research Institute, Moscow, Russia and her ScD in microbiology and cellular biology from the University of the Mediterranean, Marseilles France. Her postdoctoral studies were at the University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA. She is an Associate Professor and Director of the Core Laboratory at the Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health of the Georgia Southern University. She has published more than 100 peer-reviewed articles, book chapters and conference papers on different aspects of rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases including discovery of emerging pathogens and descriptions of new rickettsioses

Abstract:

Murine typhus is a re-emerging rickettsial disease with a wide-prevalence, most typically in

temperate to tropical seaboard regions. The disease manifests as a febrile illness with an acute onset and mild to severe morbidity, including severe encephalitis and fatalities. Its classic form is associated with a rat flea and rat cycle, although other ectoparasites and animal species are involved in the circulation of the etiologic agent, Rickettsia typhi. The disease was first described in 1913 in Atlanta, GA, and its distribution was progressively widened. Broad application of pesticides and rodenticides was thought to bring the disease under control for several decades in the USA. Use of molecular approaches to ecological studies and clinical diagnosis in the last 20 years revealed continued circulation of R. typhi in different endemic locales, but also provided evidence for at least two other flea-borne rickettsial agents, Rickettsia felis and Rickettsia asemboensis; they are frequently found in fleas and animals formerly thought to be less typical vectors and reservoirs of murine typhus. These findings raised significant concerns and a need for reevaluation of approaches to diagnosis of flea-transmitted rickettsial diseases, better understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of flea-borne rickettsial agents and reassessment of methods used for flea control.This presentation will review the most recent findings related to these issues and discuss the public health implications of the presence of these rickettsial pathogens in areas affected by malaria and

dengue. Because these diseases can present with symptoms of many other infections, it is important to include epidemiological considerations when treating patients with febrile illness of unknown etiology.

Biography:

Mark Nyman completed his MD training at Oral Roberts University, Tulsa OK in 1990 and Residency and Fellowship training in General Internal Medicine at Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN in 1994.  He has served as a staff physician in the Division of General Internal Medicine at Mayo Clinic since 1994. He has worked in the area of Quality Improvement for more than 20 years including guideline development, guideline implementation and quality measurement. He served on the board of Minnesota Community Measurement for 6 years as well as their Measurement Advisory Reporting Committee for 9 years.

Abstract:

Background: Current publicly reported quality performance measures directly compare primary care to specialty care. Specialists see short-term patients referred due to poor control of their disease who then return to their local provider. Our study looked to determine if outcomes measured in short-term care patients differed from those in long-term care patients and what impact those differences may have on quality performance profiles for specialists.

Methods: Retrospective cohort from a large academic medical Center. Performance was measured as “Optimal Care” - all or none attainment of goals. Patients with short-term care (90 days contact) were evaluated for both specialty and primary care practices during the year 2008.

Results: Patients with short-term care had significantly lower “Optimal Care”: 7.2% vs. 19.7% for optimal diabetes care in endocrinology and 41.3% vs. 53.1% for optimal ischemic vascular disease care in cardiology (p < 0.001).  Combining short and long term care patients lowered overall perceived performance in the specialty practice.

Conclusions: Factors other than quality affect the perceived performance of the specialty practice. Extending current primary care quality measurement to short-term specialty care patients without adjustment produces misleading results.

Biography:

Jee is a professor of the Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, where he teaches epidemiology. His current research is focused on large scaled prospective cohort study for smoking, obesity, metabolic syndrome, CVD and cancer. He developed the Korean Cancer Prevention Study (KCPS) in 2001. The cohort consists of over one million adult Koreans who had a physical examination as part of their care by the national health program.

Abstract:

We used a Mendelian randomization analysis to assess the causal effect of alcohol use on uric acid (UA) in Koreans. The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS) Biobank cohort consisted of 159,844 healthy Korean aged 20 years or older. Clinical data, including UA, alcohol use, and other related confounding variables were collected. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs671 of ALDH2 was genotyped among 2,790 men and 1,271 women in 2016, which was a randomly selected subcohort of KCPS Biobank participants. In Mendelian randomization analysis, the causal risk increase for UA was estimated to be 0.64 mg/dL per alcohol unit (10 g ethanol) per day (95% CI: 0.58-0.70) in men (p=0.046), which was comparable to the observational estimate (Durbin-Wu-Hausman chi-square test P for difference =0.266). The associations did not change after excluding heavy drinkers or the elderly. In women, similar results were shown with no significant association between alcohol use and UA. These novel results provide evidence that alcohol use is causally associated with risk of UA in Koreans and support its role as a risk determinant. This study was funded by a grant of the Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (HI14C2686).

Biography:

Jia-yin Dai is a professor of ecotoxicology at the Institute of Zoology. He obtained a Ph. D in 1999 from Nanjing University, China, and carried out postdoctoral research work from 2001 to 2005 at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University, USA. He is the director of the Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, and an editorial board member of Integrative Zoology. He has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and is also the recipient of the NSFC “Distinguished Young Scholars” award and the CAS “One Hundred Talent Program” award.

Abstract:

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) can cross the placental barrier. However, little is known about the predictors of placental transfer efficiency. We aimed to explore whether placental transfer efficiency (based on the ratio of cord to maternal sera concentrations) is affected by maternal demographic and physiologic factors. PFAS concentrations were analyzed in matched samples of maternal sera in all 3 trimesters and umbilical cord sera (N = 100) from the prospective Healthy Baby Cohort (HBC), China in 2012-2014. Linear regression was used to estimate associations of transfer efficiencies with predictors. Aside from traditional PFASs, a novel PFAS named F-53B was detected for the first time in pregnant women and the fetus. Strongest correlations between cord PFAS levels and maternal levels were observed for maternal sera sampled in 3rd trimester followed by samples taken in 2rd and 1st trimester. Higher transfer efficiencies of PFASs were associated with older maternal age, higher educational attainment and lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Of interest, cord sera albumin was a positive predictor for higher transfer efficiency, whereas maternal serum albumin tended to reduce transfer efficiency. Our results suggested an ubiquitous exposure to F-53B in Chinese pregnant women and their fetus. PFAS levels in maternal serum sampled in 3rd trimester gave better estimates of PFAS fetal exposure, as represented by cord serum levels. Physiological predictors for placental transfer of PFASs were observed for the first time in a Chinese birth cohort. GFR and serum albumin may play critical roles in the PFAS placental transfer.

Biography:

Ruoling Chen joined in the University of Wolverhampton, UK as a Reader in Epidemiology and Public Health and Epidemiology in 2009. He was awarded his PhD from the University of Aberdeen in 1997, after studying medicine and medical statistics in China. His research areas and expertise include epidemiology and global public health. Dr Chen has published widely in these fields. He previously worked at the Universities of Liverpool, Dundee and London (UCL and KCL) as a lecturer, senior lecturer and principle investigator, over the past 20 years. He has been an adjunct Professor at Anhui Medical University since 2003.

Abstract:

The aim of this presentation is to assess the association of eating fish with risk of dementia by a systematic literature review and a new study. We examined a random sample of 6981 participants aged >=60 years in China for health survey in 2007-2011.  After adjustment for age, sex, province, urban-rural areas, education, smoking and stroke, odds ratio (OR) for dementia in 5453 participants (dementia rate 4.33%) who had any fish consumption over the past 2 years was 0.73 (95%CI 0.64-0.99) in comparison to 1528 never eating fish (dementia rate 5.89%). Adjusted OR was 0.79 (0.49-1.29) in participants eating fish once a week, 0.59 (0.38-0.90) in eating fish more than twice a week, and 0.76 (0.55-1.04) in eating >= daily. Searching Medline and 4 other electronic databases up to February 2016 we identified and 11 articles for review. Two of 11 articles did not include data on the association, while 9 others included 15 studied populations; 4 demonstrated a significant association of fish eating (or high verse low consumptions) with reduced risk of dementia (around 20% to 66%), 9 showed a non-statistically reduced risk, and 2 exhibited no association (or increased risk). Pooled data from 16 studied populations, including the older Chinese showed a relative risk (RR) of dementia in people eating, fishing was 0.80 (0.73-0.87). Pooled dose-response data showed a RR of 0.85 (0.73-0.98), 0.79 (0.72-0.86) and 0.73 (0.59-0.92) from low, middle to high consumption of fish. Increasing fish consumption in the population may help prevent dementia in the world.

Biography:

Maki Umeda has completed her PhD in 2013 at the University of Tokyo, and was a UCL Balzan Fellow from July 2014 to March 2015. She is an associate professor at St. Luke’s International University School of Nursing, and has been publishing papers on social determinants of mental health. The study presented at this conference was conducted in collaboration between the University of Tokyo and University College London, contributed by Dr. Anne McMunn, Dr. Noriko Cable, and Prof. Michael Sir Marmot at University College London, and Prof. Hideki Hashimoto and Prof. Norito Kawakami at the University of Tokyo

Abstract:

In contemporary Japanese society, occupational gender segregation persists despite increased numbers of women participating in the labour market. The gender inequality in the labour market may yield different patterns of occupational gradient in psychological health between men and women. We examined gender specific associations between occupational position and psychological health in Japan and the potential mediating effect of job-control and effort-reward imbalance in these associations. The data used for this inquiry was obtained from 7,123 men and 2,222 women, who participated in an occupational cohort study, the Japanese Study of Health, Occupation, and Psychosocial Factors Related Equity (J-HOPE), between 2011 and 2012.  The prevalence of poor psychological health increased from manual/service occupations (23%) to professionals/managers (38%) among women, while it did not vary by occupational position among men. In women, the significant association between occupational position and psychological health was attenuated by effort–reward imbalance. On the other hand, in both genders, the relatively high levels of job-control in professional/managerial groups were protective against potentially higher levels of poor psychological health in these groups. Our findings suggest that Japanese women in more advantaged occupational positions are likely to be at a greater risk for poor psychological health due to higher levels of effort–reward imbalance at work. Ensuring gender equality in accessing rewards may be a critical component for promoting psychological health of women in professional and managerial positions in Japan.

Biography:

Valeria Belleudi studied applied mathematics at the University “La Sapienza” of Rome and at University “La Bicocca” of Milan (BSc in 2002, MSc in 2003) and obtained a Master’s degree in Epidemiology in 2005 from University “La Cattolica” of Rome. In 2003 she started working at the Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service. She is expert of management and analysis of data from large healthcare databases, she has a strong experience in conducting studies on chronic diseases, outcomes of care, social inequalities, pharmacoepidemiology and evaluation of care-pathway for acute diseases.

Abstract:

       The relationship between guide-lines adherence and outcomes in patients with AMI has been widely investigated considering the phases (emergency, acute, post-acute) of the Care-Pathway (CP) separately. This research aims to evaluate the effect of the whole AMI-CP on 1-year survival.

We conducted a cohort study, selecting AMI patients from health information systems during 2011-13. Patients’ clinical history was defined by retrieving previous hospitalizations and drugs prescriptions. For each subject the probability to arrive in hospital and conditional probabilities to survive to acute and post-acute phases were estimated through multivariate models. One-year survival probability was calculated as the product of the three probabilities.

Different scenarios of CP quality were defined in terms of emergency-timeliness, hospital performance in treatment of acute phase and drug therapy in post-acute phase. One-year survival Probability Ratio (PR) and its Bootstrap Confidence Intervals (BCI) between who effected the best CP and who effected the worst were calculated for a mean-severity patient and varying sex and age.

We identified 29392 AMI. Out-of-hospital mortality was 27.9%. Among people arrived in hospital, 41.4% had a hospitalization for STEMI with 11.3% of mortality in acute-phase and 5.6% in post-acute phase. For a patient of mean-severity the PR was 1.39 (BCI 1.26-1.60). The ratio didn’t change by sex, while it moved from 1.13 (BCI 1.09-1.20) for age85.

One-year survival probability post AMI depends strongly on CP. Improving performance in the different phases, taking into account the relationship among these, can lead to considerable savings of lives.

Biography:

Debbie Habedi is a lecturer in Public Health Discipline in the Department of Health Studies, College of Human Sciences at the University of South Africa.

Abstract:

Health literacy is recognized by the Global Institute of Medicine as a critical and essential component of high-quality health care.  Notably, in health-care related policy and research, the term “health literacy” is often applied to a set of skills that are required to function well in the health care or public health setting. The role of literacy in health care has been less extensively studied for child health compared with adult health (De Walt 2009, 266). Therefore, it is important to involve youth cricket players in health literacy knowledge sharing so that they can live a positive healthy lifestyle. Nowadays, youth are victims of different health risk and destructive behaviors such crime, drug and substance abuse especially in Black townships. The study employed a qualitative research approach to explore the views and roles of youth cricket players with regard to health literacy by means of three focus group discussions.  A non-probability technique was used to purposively select the participants. Thematic content analysis approach for data analysis was used. Awareness of basic health information emerged as a theme. Findings provide an insight of the youth with regards to basic health information needs. Lifelong learning of youth about health literacy is needed.

Biography:

Gloria Thupayagale-Tshweneagae  has been Graduated from Case Wstern Reserve University as Psychiatric mental health Nurse practitioner. She further obtained her doctoral degree from Tshwane University of Technology with the specialties in HIV and AIDS and adolescent mental health. She hs published widely in botrh international and local journals on adolescent mental health and HIV and AIDS focusing on orphaned adolescent.  She is currently a professor at the University of South Africa where she coordinates the Department of health Studies graduate program.

Abstract:

Substance uses in urban and peri-urban areas are serious problems among adolescents with negative individual and social consequences. Plenty of information exists in literature on factors leading to drug abuse and consequences of drug abuse for adolescents; very few studies have been done that focus on family support for adolescents after rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to explore how parents and guardians of adolescent sons support their sons one year after rehabilitation.  Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 10 families who had sons with drug use problems and have been admitted at the rehabilitation centre.  Participants were selected by purposive sampling. Thematic analysis based on Burnard (1991; 2004)‘s framework of  data analysis was used to identify the themes.  Two major themes emerged as associative stigma and approach-avoidance conflict. The study concluded that parents are faced with ambivalent feelings in relation to offering support to their sons. Culturally congruent measures are needed to address drug use and misuse among adolescents. Further studies are needed to explore the use of drugs among adolescents, especially in Africa, where there is a paucity of information

Biography:

 Oyefabi Adegboyega Omoniyi (MBBS, MPH, FWACP) is a Lecturer/ Public Health Physician with the Kaduna State University.  He graduated from the Ahmadu Bello University in 2003. He had his residency training in Community health certified by the West African College of Physician in 2013.  He worked as a Medical officer and Consultant Physician in State and Federal institutions in Nigeria. He was the coordinator of the HIV, TB and immunization services for the Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, before joining the Kaduna state University in 2014.His research interest focus on the development of Public health system in Nigeria.

Abstract:

Tuberculosis (TB) kills nearly 3 million persons per year worldwide. Most cases occur in middle and low income countries. In Sub Sahara Africa, Nigeria accounts for the highest absolute number of TB morbidity being the 4th among 22 most TB infected countries globally. 

This study is a retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional review of the TB registers of 4054 clients who accessed TB health care services at 25 Primary Health Care facilities in Zaria, North western Nigeria between the years 2007-2015.  Adult Males (64.2%), age group 25-34 were most affected. They presented mainly with pulmonary TB (88.5%).  Only half of the clients (50.3%) had the smear positive results before commencement of the directly observed Short course therapy (DOTs) with either 2RHZE/6EH or 2SRHZE/IRHZE/5RHE depending on clients’ category.   Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) co-infection was 19.1%.  Post DOTs, 27.8%   were confirmed bacteriologically cured, 52.4% completed treatment but no document to confirm cured, 6.9% defaulted, and 4.3% were transferred out, while 5.8% TB mortality occurred.  The determinants of the outcome of treatment were HIV status, degree of smear positivity before treatment, clients’ residential address, DOTs Centre, clients’ age and sex. (p<0.05). The cure rate was below the recommended 80% by the World Health organization. There is a need for the Nigeria government in collaboration with international agencies to intensify effort at TB surveillance, monitoring and control activities in Nigeria.

Biography:

Enem Simon Ikechukwu is a Ph.D holder and a senior Lecturer at the Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria where he served as the immediate past Head of Department. He has over 20 journal publications to his credit and has attended many conferences both locally and internationally. He has served as a reviewer to some journals. He has passion for research.

Abstract:

Globally, Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) have been known as an important foodborne pathogen causing the substantial proportion of human illness. An analysis of human faecal samples from both diarrhea and apparently healthy patients from hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria were carried out using standard microbiological methods to isolate various stereotypes of VTEC. Confirmed E. coli isolates were sub-cultured into cefixime-tellurite sorbitol McConkey (CT-SMAC) agar and further characterized using commercially procured latex agglutination test kits. Out of the 372 samples collected, 193 were from diarrhea patients and 3 samples tested positive for VTEC O157 while 2 were positive for non O157 VTEC. The remaining 179 samples were from apparently healthy patients and one tested positive for VTEC O157 while 2 were for non O157 VTEC. Two hundred and twenty well structured closed ended questionnaires, pre-tested for validity were distributed to respondents to ascertain their association with food and food products of animal origin (cattle in particular). Of the 112 valid and returned questionnaires, 35 agreed strongly, 15 agreed, 20 were undecided, 12 disagreed and 30 strongly disagreed to have associated with food of animal origin. The isolation of various VTEC serotypes illustrates the significance of studying the broader group of VTEC organisms from a public health perspective. There is a strong indication that humans get infected by consuming contaminated beef and beef products. Proper personal and environmental hygiene should be observed in order to curb and control the prevalence of VTEC

Biography:

Anietie E. Moses is an Associate Professor in the Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria. He holds a PhD degree in Microbiology, and research area is microbial immunology and infectious diseases epidemiology. He teaches Medical Microbiology and supervised many undergraduate and postgraduate students in some Nigeria universities. He coordinates postgraduate programs in his department and has published more than 40 original articles in local and international journals and also presented papers in many conferences within and outside Nigeria. He is the Deputy Editor-In-Chief of ‘World Journal of Biomedical Research’ published by his Faculty.

Abstract:

The challenge of tuberculosis diagnosis in TB/HIV co-infected persons are worrisome especially in resource poor countries. Assessment of some biomarkers’ levels in active tuberculosis could serve as a veritable tool in diagnosing TB in some settings. This study investigates the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), absolute CD4+ cell counts and TB/HIV co-infection in sputum-producing patients in Uyo, Nigeria. TB was diagnosed using Ziehl-Neelsen staining and Immunofluorescence techniques.  HIV was diagnosed serologically. Total serum CRP levels and CD4+ count were estimated using sandwich-ELISA and Flow cytometry, respectively. Differences in mean serum CRP of TB patients with and without HIV were significant (PHIV-positives alone(20.45±28.5mg/l), >TB-neg/HIV-negatives(12.34±20.9mg/dl), >apparently healthy subjects (0.44±0.64mg/l), as against TB-positives alone(29.83±30.8 mg/l). Mean serum CRP levels in TB-positives alone was significant >the control group(PTB-neg/ HIV-negative group (P<0.05). The pairwise analysis of mean absolute CD4+ counts show that TB/HIV-coinfection (175.12±85.79cells/µl) had a significantly lower count than HIV-positives only (358.93±240.1cells/µl), TB-positives only (576.31±326.3cells/µl) and HIV-neg/TB-negative groups (1089.8±331.3cells/µl). There was no significant difference between the mean CD4+ count among TB-positives and HIV-positives alone. Both groups had significantly lower counts than HIV-neg/TB-negatives. These findings revealed that the use of serum CRP levels alone or in combination with ESR and CD4+ count is a promising predictor of TB disease progression, especially in TB/HIV coinfected persons in high disease burden areas.

Biography:

Becker has spent his entire career as an epidemiologist focused on Indian  health issues.  He is trained in internal medicine, epidemiology, and anthropology and currently serves as the Interim Associate Dean for Research at Oregon Health & Science University.  He works at the Indian Health Board as a Medical Epidemiologist on diverse grants.  Although he has a variety of research interests, the common  theme in his grant and publication history centers on minority health disparities.  As principal investigator on the CDC PRC grant, he has been involved in ocular epidemiologic studies and  prevention of hearing loss in tribal communities.
 

Abstract:

Introduction:  Hearing loss and tinnitus appear common in most populations, although few data have addressed hearing loss and tinnitus among tribal people.  Information on hearing loss and tinnitus among tribal members may assist in developing public health interventions. 

Methods:  This cross-sectional study addressed hearing loss and tinnitus among 217 adults in a Pacific Northwest tribe. We conducted logistic regression analyses to assess the relationship among various risk factors with two outcome variables--hearing loss and tinnitus.   Frequency measures were conducted for difficulty hearing certain sounds and hearing aid use.   

Results:  Among all participants, 18% reported hearing loss (males: 24% vs. females: 13%).  After age adjustment, significant noise exposure was a risk factor for hearing loss (Odds Ratio (OR): 8.30, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.84, 37.52).  The overall prevalence of tinnitus was 33% (comparable between males and females).  The strongest risk factors for tinnitus after adjusting for age were significant noise exposure (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.28, 6.73) and otitis media (OR: 2.82, CI: 1.26, 6.30).  A larger percentage of women compared to men reported difficulty hearing certain sounds.  Only 8% of study participants reported hearing aid use. 

Conclusions:  Increasing age and significant noise exposure were strongly associated with hearing loss in this tribe.  For tinnitus, our data indicated that significant noise exposure and a history of otitis media were the strongest risk factors for this condition, even after age adjustment.  We recommend that tribal members limit noise exposures and wear hearing protection in risky environments.

Biography:

Ruffin Mpiana Mutambayi, graduated for BSc and BSc Honors (Mathematics and Statistics Applied to Management) and at the College of Statistics in Lubumbashi (DR Congo). In 2011 Mr Mutambayi obtained his MSc in Biostatistics and Epidemiology at the University of Fort Hare in South Africa. He then started working as a full-time Lecturer in the Statistics Department at the same institution after being a part-time lecturer from 2008 to 2010. Presently he is studying toward his PhD in Biostatistics with a major focus on malaria prevention. As a junior researcher, Ruffin Mpiana is focusing in ‘teaching statistics’, Applied statistics, Modelling, application of statistics to public health

Abstract:

The use of computer has increased among engineering and medical professionals, with the resultant ill health of various kinds, one of which is Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). This is a condition in which a person experiences one or more eye and musculoskeletal symptoms, due to prolonged working on the computer.

A cross-sectional online survey was undertaken to assess the prevalence of CVS symptoms and their association with practices regarding computer use, among the young adult population aged 23-30 years, who were engineers and medical professionals using computers for at least 5 years, during their education and/or employment. Considering the prevalence of CVS to be 80% in this group, sample size was calculated as 100 at 95% confidence level with 10% relative error. The subjects were included in the study by the snowball sampling technique. A pre-tested semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, which included socio-demographic information, pattern of computer use and symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome.

A total of 100 engineering and 108 medical professionals, living in various parts of the country, returned the completely filled up performer and hence were included in the study. The prevalence of symptoms of CVS (one or more) was found to be 82.69%. The prevalence was 92% among the engineering group and 74.1% among the medical group, the difference being statistically significant (p≤0.001). The commonest symptom was neck/shoulder pain (50.00%) followed by sore/tired eyes (44.23%). Subjects who used computers for more than 4 hours per day had significantly more symptoms of CVS (p≤0.001).

Biography:

Rajlaxmi Basu is a PhD student, working at Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine and a registered Fellow at University of Calcutta. She has exposure in occupational toxicology and occupational health and has attained many international conferences past days with utmost fervor and many more in National and International level. She has published 6 international articles in premium peer reviewed journals and 3 are in pipe lines and a book chapter also been published.  She is also interested to explore in writing and attach to an editorial board of a journal.

Abstract:

Congenital and hereditary genetic diseases are becoming a significant health burden in India, and hence there is a need for adequate and effective genetic testing and counseling services. In India,.

As there is no substantive cure for thalassemia, the financial burden of treatment and the mental trauma to the affected and their families are very severe, subcontinent. Prevention of the birth of new thalassemic babies is, therefore, important to control the occurrence of this disease. Prevention can be done by increasing the awareness and carrier testing at a mass level. Unfortunately, lack of awareness and an indifferent attitude towards thalassemia is very common among people of lower socio-economic group with grave consequences.

Though there is a definite need for carrier screening in our country, it is hard to draw a consensus regarding the time of screening. Due to lack of education and public awareness about the disease, even being a carrier status often becomes a stigma. Various options for preventing the spread of thalassemia are (i) screening of school going children (ii) premarital screening (iii) extended family screening for carriers (iv) routine antenatal screening in early pregnancy between 8-12 weeks. The first four options are logistically extremely difficult in a country like India with a very large population. The most feasible option is to test the mother antenatally (in early pregnancy) preferably in the first trimester. The parents are   usually cooperative and would usually agree to get any tests done for the well-being of their child. Presently in the state of West Bengal (India) prenatal genetic screening and counseling has been given priority by the Government to eradicate thalassemia. In 2010 the West Bengal government started a program named “State Thalassemia Control Project( STCP)” with the aim of creating awareness  about thalassemia and the detection of thalassemic patients as well as carriers

Biography:

Stephanie Bispo is doing a PhD at the University of Southampton in Social Statistics and Demography. She was graduated in Nutrition in 2010 and then she joined the Urban Health Observatory at the School of Medicine at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil in 2010, where she worked as a research assistant until 2014. She completed her Master in Child and Adolescent Health at the same University in 2013. She has being a Consultant for the WHO in few projects since 2014.

Abstract:

   Over the last few decades, India started to experience great economic growth. However, levels of child under nutrition did not decrease, and are still among the highest in the world. Economic growth normally comes accompanied of increased employment opportunities, especially for women who have children. Previous studies suggest that female employment is linked to better child health and nutrition, but this association is not fully understood, especially within the context of economic growth, nutritional transition and considering cultural constraints. This study aims to examine the association between a range of aspects of female employment and child nutritional status. Data was obtained from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) from 1998 and 2005. Children were classified as stunted or wasted, according to the WHO Growth Curves. Multilevel logistic regression was performed using STATA 13. From 30% of mothers employed in both years, more than half were classified with some form of malnutrition, with significant differences from mothers who are not working for both years. When controlled by sociodemographic characteristics, being employed or not was no longer associated with child nutritional status.The only characteristics of the mother, which remained in the model where maternal education and mother’s BMI. Differences according to regions were identified when considering the percentage of employed women and women empowerment in each place. This study suggests that working mothers can be an important target for policies, and improving maternity leave and gender inequality can have an impact on nutrition for future generations in India and other emerging countries.

Biography:

Bishop worked as an Occupational Therapist for 5 years, during which she developed interests in public health and policy research. She studied her MSc in Professional Health and Social Care whilst working in the NHS, progressing her interests towards health determinants and epidemiology. She left the NHS to study a second MSc in Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of Leeds, during which was introduced to the Born in Bradford Project. On graduating she was awarded a scholarship to study her PhD with Born in Bradford. Her special interests are pathways through care for children with complex healthcare needs.

Abstract:

Introduction:

Bradford has high rates of infant mortality for children of Pakistani origin, with congenital anomalies (CA) being the most common cause of death and disability in this group. The CA rate in Bradford is higher than the national average before age of 1 at 399 per 10,000 live births¹. We linked children with CA to General Practice (GP) data, allowing prospectively collected medical information to provide promising new insights into CA research including risk factors for CA and more complete case ascertainment.

Methods:

Of 11474 babies with questionnaire data available, children with one or more CA (n=1039) were linked to their mothers GP data and compared to those without CA (n=10435). Diagnoses were classified using ICD-10 and validated by clinicians. Data for case ascertainment were compared to national CA registries. We calculated univariate and multivariate risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals for various maternal risk factors.

Findings:

The prevalence of CA was consistent to national registries for early diagnoses, but age to diagnoses was an important factor in demonstrating increased prevalence after age 1. We found the rates slightly higher but comparable to previous rates at 461 per 10,000 live births. Only 46% of diagnoses were made before age 1, increasing significantly to 902 per 10,000 live births up to age 8. Consanguinity was found to be a risk factor for anomalies in Pakistani mothers (multivariate RR 2.2, 95% CI 1.54-3.03), and maternal age >34 years for White British mothers (multivariate RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.02-2.92).

Biography:

Lin Mu graduated summa cum laude from Denison University with a BS in Biology and a BA in economics. Later, he conducted research for three years in the Division of General Medicine and the Harvard Catalyst Clinical Research Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Currently, he is completing an MD degree while continuing research at Yale School of Medicine. Lin has led several clinical and population research projects, published on topics related to chronic disease and epidemiology, and been frequently invited to present at national medical and public health conferences.

Abstract:

Background: Firearm injury leads to significant morbidity and mortality with large demographic and geographic differences. This study examines the prevalence and characteristics of emergency department (ED) visits due to firearm injuries in the United States.

Methods: Data were obtained from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2003-2012), a nationally representative study of visits to the hospital EDs conducted annually by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available information included visit reason, injury cause, and patient characteristics. We identified visits related to firearm injuries with the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes and studied the weighted prevalence, characteristics, and odds ratios of firearm-injury visits.

Results: Approximately 92 thousand ED visits occurred annually that were caused by firearm injuries, a weighted prevalence of 0.075% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.063%-0.090%), including 40.6% (33.3%-48.4%) intentional injuries and 31.1% (24.5%-38.7%) unintentional injuries. Among these visits, 85.9% (80.3%-90.1%) were from men (odds ratio [OR]: 7.31, 95% CI: 4.89-10.95, for ED visits due to firearm injuries versus not), 44.8% (38.0%-51.8%) from those aged 15-24 (OR: 4.76, 2.87-7.90, compared to those aged 45-64), 37.4% (30.7%-44.7%) aged 25-44 (OR: 2.22, 1.30-3.79), 41.4% (33.1%-50.2%) non-Hispanic blacks (OR: 2.88, 2.01-4.12, compared to non-Hispanic whites), 47.3% (36.4%-58.5%) from the South (OR: 2.50, 1.44-4.33, compared to the Northeast), and 88.2% (75.1%-94.8%) from metropolitan areas (OR: 1.43, 0.70-2.91).

Conclusions: Over 90 thousand ED visits occur annually due to firearm injuries in the U.S. with men, people aged 15-44, non-Hispanic blacks, and those from the South at higher risks.

Biography:

Sabrina has been studying PhD in Epidemiology at the Centre of Health Research, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia. She has completed her Masters degree in Biostatistics. This study was part of her thesis for a doctoral disseration. The results from this study for Bangladesh has been published in International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health.

Abstract:

     Household air pollution (HAP) - predominantly from cooking fuel is a major public health hazard and one of the leading causes of respiratory illness and deaths among children under-five years in South Asia. The association between HAP from cooking fuel and under-five mortality was examined using Demographic and Health Survey datasets for Bangladesh (2004-2011), India (1992-2006), Pakistan (1990-2013) and Nepal (2001-2011), and the extent to which the association differed by environmental and behavioral factors affecting the level of exposure. A total of 166,382 living children under-five from India, 18,308 from Bangladesh, 16,766 from Nepal and 11,507 from Pakistan were used for this study. Multi-level logistic regression models were used for analyses and the result showed strong association for Nepal (OR=1.99, 95%CI=1.25-3.18, P=0.004), followed by India (OR=1.30, 95%CI=1.18-1.43, P<0.001), Bangladesh (OR=1.14, 95%CI=0.83-1.55, P=0.422) and Pakistan (OR=1.13, 95%CI=0.83-1.53, P=0.433). Use of cooking fuel in the household is associated with increased risk of mortality in children aged under-five years. Improved infrastructure, household design and behavioural interventions can help reduce this pollution from cooking fuel resulting in further declines in under-five mortality in South Asian countries.

Biography:

Ngatho S Mugo is an Australian South Sudanese.Currently enrolled as a higher degree research student, PhD (Medicine), in the School of Public Health, University of Sydney. Her research interest is to identifying the determines of maternal, neonate and child health in order to reduce maternal and child mortality in South Sudan

Abstract:

Background: In South Sudan, home deliveries attended by un-skilled birth attendants put the mother and her newborn at increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality.  This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with home delivery by unskilled birth attendants or unassisted delivery. Methods: We examined data for 2,767 (weighted total) women aged 15-49 years who delivered at home two years prior to South Sudan Household Health Survey 2010. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for home delivery by unskilled birth attendants. Results: The prevalence of unassisted home delivery, un-skilled birth attendants and skilled birth attendants (SBAs) was 19% [95% confidence interval (CI): (17.0, 20.5)], 45% [95% CI: (42.4, 47.0)] and 36% [95% CI: (34.2, 38.6)] respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the following were associated with an increased odds for unassisted deliveries, or by unskilled birth attendants: mothers with no schooling, mothers who did not attend antenatal care (ANC) during pregnancy, mother who had lower quality of ANC services, mothers from poor households, and mothers who had no prior knowledge about obstetric danger signs. Conclusions: This study found that non-utilization of maternal health care services, such as ANC, was significantly associated with unattended home birth or home birth attended by un-skilled health providers. To increase uptake of SBAs at home delivery will require easier access to ANC services, health promotion of the importance and benefits of the use of SBAs for delivery, targeting both mothers and their families, and training and deployment of more skilled birth attendants across the country.

Biography:

Udom  Pongpila  has been Graduated from Rajchaput  Ubonratchathani  University of Thailand, Bachelor  of science (Public  Health), with the specialties including Internal Medicine, Social and Community Medicine and Diploma in Epidemiology  from the  University of Khon Kaen. Later on he obtained his post-graduation from National University of Thailand with subjects Epidemiology  and then started working at The  Ubonratchathani health office where he has continued his research. Presently he has been working at the Ubonratcthathani City and then started working at The  Ubonratchathani health office where he has continued his research. Presently he has been working at the Ubonratcthathani City.

Abstract:

On August 31^st  2015 at 8:30 am.Ubonratchathani Public Health Office was informed by the authorities of Epidemiology & Social Medicine in Sanpasitthiprasong Hospital, Thailand that a male patient aged 18 years sick with a fever, sore throat, body aches, available bleeding, diarrhea since 3 days. A staff nurse, nursing Prison Province had sent to receive further treatment. Sanpasitthiprasong Hospital. The  study aims to  understand the epidemiological aspects of meningococcal meningitis, finding  the active  cases  along with the measures for the control of disease. Data  were  collected  from  the registeries of medical  records. The results of this investigation is in contact with the patient in prison, as many people feel they should be monitored closely for a period of two times the incubation period and should increase awareness for the disease in the area. Investigation by team to the area to control the concentration has controled the disease effectively there by no patients increased.

Biography:

Since joining Estate and Urban Health Unit of Ministry of Health, in 2013, Subaskaran has been involved in studies related to child nutrition, safety of estate children and health related habits of estate population. Before joining the Estate and Urban Health Unit, Subaskaran worked as a medical officer under various units under Public Health Services of Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka and carried out researches related to food safety.

Abstract:

World Health Organization (WHO) identified parenting intervention as the first strategy to improve adolescent health. The objectives of the study were to develop and validate a tool to describe parenting in selected dimensions, to describe parenting and its associated factors among parents of 13 to 15 years old schooling adolescents and to assess the effectiveness of a parenting intervention. The study comprised of three components. Component one developed and validated a self administered tool to describe the patterns of parenting- Parenting Patterns Questionnaire (PPQ) by, item selection, expert consensus and item analysis. In the component 2, a descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 1863 schooling adolescents, in 97 clusters, by multi stage cluster random sampling probability proportionate to a student population in different types of school and age group. In the third component, a Parenting Education Package was designed and a randomised control trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of intervention with a sample of 73 parents each group. The data analysis was done using SPSS 15. The PPQ is a reliable and valid tool to assess parenting in selected dimensions (connection, control and respect) in Jaffna district. According to PPQ, parenting was good among 23.1% of parents. Factors such as age and sex of the child, educational level and occupation of parents, substance use of fathers and domestic violence were associated with quality of parenting. Improvement was achieved in parenting by intervention in 3 month period.

Biography:

Modern health systems are increasingly faced with the challenge to provide effective, affordable and accessible health care for people with chronic conditions. As evidence on the specific unmet needs and their impact on health outcomes is limited practical research is needed to tailor chronic care to individual needs of patients.

A mixed method study was applied. A survey (n = 92) of experts in chronic care was conducted to analyse chronic care programs focusing on successful, unsuccessful and missing components. An expert workshop (n = 26) was used to define a limited number of unmet needs and priorities of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and comorbidities. This list was validated and ranked using a multilingual online survey (n = 642). 

The study results demonstrate that patients’ unmet needs are mostly part of complex situations and competing demands which are not limited to medical conditions. The survey indicated that current care models need to be improved in terms of financial support, case management and the consideration of social care. The expert workshop identified 150 patient needs which were summarised in 13 needs dimensions. The online survey of these pre-defined dimensions revealed that financial issues, education of both patients and professionals, availability of services as well as health promotion are the most important unmet needs.

The results suggest that future care models should focus on individual patient needs and promote their active involvement. The results of the study are translated into practical recommendations to be used for systematic implementation.

Abstract:

Patrick Timpel, MHS, Dipl. Soc. Pedag., (male) has graduated in Social Work (Diploma) and Health Sciences (Master of Science). As a research assistant and post-graduate he presently works in the research team Prevention and Care of Diabetes at the Technische Universität Dresden. He has scientific expertise in healthcare research and patient pathways and puts special focus on active and healthy aging as well as on individualised chronic care management.

Biography:

Ruchira Pangtey has completed her MBBS and internship from G.S.V.M. Medical College, C.S.J.M. University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. Currently, she is persuing her Post Graduate degree in Community Medicine and Public Health from one of the reputed college of India, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi. She has participated in conference (international and national) and CMEs. She has presented poster in international conference and national conference. She is doing her thesis on “Prevalence of risk factors for chronic non communicable diseases”.

Abstract:

The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing worldwide largely due to prevalence of various risk factors, which can be controlled. Monitoring of these risk factors for NCDs over a period of time would be useful to make an indirect assessment of the actual disease burden. A cross-sectional survey was done among adults aged 25-65 years, to study the prevalence of anthropometric and behavioral risk factors of NCDs. Information was collected on the socio demographical factors, tobacco use, alcohol intake, diet, salt consumption, and physical activity, using a predesigned and pretested interview schedule. Anthropometric measurements were taken. A study found that 26% were consuming alcohol and 17% were smoking. A sedentary lifestyle was present among 19% of the men. Consumption of fruits and vegetables atleast 3 times a week was only 12%. Majority (77.5%) had a raised waist circumference, and more than two-thirds were either overweight or obese. More males were found to be overweight in comparison to females, but in contrast, obesity and raised waist circumference were more common in females. Tobacco use was more common in lower class, whereas obesity was commoner in the upper socio-economic class. Most of the subjects were not aware of the risk factors leading to NCDs. Screening and IEC activities need to be strengthened and hence that diagnosis and preventive measures can be implemented at an early stage of life.

Biography:

Biography

Asma Baazaoui is a PhD student at Institut Supérieur de Gestion (ISG) in Tunisia

Abstract:

This research paper presents an assessment of the factors that affect  doctor prescribing practices, and shows if the institutional environment influences the perception of ethic regarding general practitioners.

We employed a qualitative inductive approach, using semistructured interviews in order to explore the prescribing behavior  of doctors and to investigate if the institutional environment influence the ethical perception of physicians.

The findings of the paper will help the pharmaceutical industry actors to establish more efficient strategies to promote their drugs. The results also help to give clear insights to government in order to improve controlling interactions between healthcare stakeholders.